Lavandula - Wikipedia. This article is about the genus of flowering plants known as lavender. For the most widely cultivated species in that genus, see Lavandula angustifolia. Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 3. Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World and is found from Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, southwest Asia to southeast India. Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. The most widely cultivated species, Lavandula angustifolia, is often referred to as lavender, and there is a color named for the shade of the flowers of this species. Description. They are simple in some commonly cultivated species; in others they are pinnately toothed, or pinnate, sometimes multiple pinnate and dissected. In most species the leaves are covered in fine hairs or indumentum, which normally contain the essential oils. Some species produce coloured bracts at the apices. The flowers may be blue, violet or lilac in the wild species, occasionally blackish purple or yellowish. The corolla is also tubular, usually with five lobes (the upper lip often cleft, and the lower lip has two clefts). He only recognised five species in Species Plantarum (1. L. The latter was subsequently transferred to Anisochilus. The six sections she proposed for 2. Her sections included Stoechas, Spica, Subnudae, Pterostoechas, Chaetostachys and Dentatae. However all the major cultivated and commercial forms resided in the Stoechas and Spica sections. There were four species within Stoechas(Lavandula stoechas, L. She believed that the garden varieties were hybrids between true lavender L. It contains the principal species grown as ornamental plants and for oils. They are found across the Mediterranean region to northeast Africa and western Arabia. Subgenus Fabricia consists of shrubs and herbs, and it has a wide distribution from the Atlantic to India. It contains some ornamental plants. Lavender Back to all plant problems. Lavender (Lavandula) is an easy to grow, evergreen shrub that produces masses of beautifully scented flowers above green or silvery-grey foliage. This drought-tolerant plant thrives in a.Lavender International world experts in Non-destructive Testing (NDT); Training, Examination and Consultancy Services with offices in the Sheffield UK, Houston USA and Perth Australia. The latest Tweets from LAVENDER BOY (@jaehyun. Subgenus Sabaudia constitutes two species in the southwest Arabian peninsula and Eritrea, which are rather distinct from the other species, and are sometimes placed in their own genus Sabaudia. In addition, there are numerous hybrids and cultivars in commercial and horticultural usage. However it is suggested that this explanation may be apocryphal, and that the name may actually be derived from Latin livere, . A wide range of cultivars can be found. Other commonly grown ornamental species are L. Commonly such adventitious establishment is apparently harmless at best, but in some cases Lavandula species have become invasive. For example, in Australia, Lavandula stoechas has become a cause for concern; it occurs widely throughout the continent, and has been declared a noxious weed in Victoria since 1. In areas of high humidity, root rot due to fungus infection can be a problem. Organic mulches can trap moisture around the plants' bases, encouraging root rot. Gravelly materials such as crushed rocks give better results. These extracts are also used as fragrances for bath products. English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) yields an essential oil with sweet overtones, and can be used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications. Monofloral honey is produced primarily around the Mediterranean, and is marketed worldwide as a premium product. Flowers can be candied and are sometimes used as cake decorations. Lavender flavours baked goods and desserts (it pairs especially well with chocolate), and is also used to make . It does not appear at all in the best- known compendium of Proven. For most cooking applications the dried buds, which are also referred to as flowers, are used. Some chefs experiment with the leaves but only the buds contain the essential oil of lavender, from which the scent and flavour of lavender are derived. In the United States, both lavender syrup and dried lavender buds are used to make lavender scones and marshmallows. Medical uses. Lavender oil with a high percentage of linalool and linalyl acetate, in the form of capsules, was generally well tolerated. It showed meaningful efficacy in alleviating anxiety and related sleep disturbances. National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that lavender is considered likely safe in food amounts and possibly safe in medicinal amounts. NIH does not recommend the use of lavender while pregnant or breast- feeding because of lack of knowledge of its effects. It recommends caution if young boys use lavender oil because of possible hormonal effects leading to gynecomastia, and states that lavender can cause skin irritation. The researchers found that lavender and tea tree oil can cause estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities in cell cultures, and the paper states that .
The rebuttal states that endocrine disruptors such as medications, oral contraceptives, marijuana and soy products were considered; however, other disruptors such as organochloride pesticides, PCBs, polychlorinated dioxins, alkyl phenols, phthalates, and parabens were not. The paper states that it is not clear that the lavender and/or tea tree oil caused the gynecomastia but say that, . You can never assume that the same effect will take place in the living body. The study stated that lavender is known . However, the research did not find that lavender induced photohaemolysis. The fragrant, pale purple flowers and flower buds are used in potpourris. Lavender is also used extensively as herbal filler inside sachets used to freshen linens. Dried and sealed in pouches, lavender flowers are placed among stored items of clothing to give a fresh fragrance and to deter moths. Dried lavender flowers have become recently popular for wedding confetti. Lavender is also popular in scented waters and sachets. In history and culture. It was also commonly called nard. Its late Latin name was lavand. Section Lavandula (3 species). Section Dentatae. Suarez- Cerv. Section Stoechas Ging. Subgenus Fabricia(Adams.) Upson & S. Section Pterostoechas Ging. Section Subnudae. Chaytor (1. 0 species). Section Chaetostachys. Benth. Section Hasikenses. Upson & S. Subgenus Sabaudia(Buscal. Section Sabaudia(Buscal. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2. Manual of Cultivated Plants. Mac. Millan Publishing Company. Lavender: The genus Lavandula. A taxonomic study of the genus Lavandula. Concise Oxford Dictionary^The alternative derivation of the name lavender from Latin livere and medieval Latin lavindula is given in Upson and Andrews, where it is presented as a conjecture. The problems with the standard derivation are also described; such as that there is no knowledge of the common use of lavender for washing by Greeks and Romans.^Hillier^Carr, G. W, Yugovic, J. V and Robinson, K. E. January 1. 99. ISBN 0- 6. 42- 2. Also . II, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1. ISBN 0- 4. 86- 2. Kathleen Norris Brenzel, editor, The Sunset Western Garden Book, 7th Edition^Moon, T; Wilkinson, JM; Cavanagh, HM (2. Parasitology research. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. ISBN 0- 3. 33- 5. National Non- Food Crops Centre. Retrieved on 2. 00. M. American Agriculturist, ed. Culinary Herbs: Their Cultivation Harvesting Curing and Uses(English). International clinical psychopharmacology. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. National Institutes of Health. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. New England Journal of Medicine. The New England Journal of Medicine. Aromatherapy Trade Council. Australian Tea Tree Industry Association. International journal of toxicology. Australian Infection Control. Acta dermato- venereologica. Also, oils of lemon, lavender, lime, sandalwood and cedar are known to elicit cutaneous phototoxic reactions, but lavender, sandalwood and cedar oil did not induce photohaemolysis in our assay.. Lavender oil and sandalwood oil did not induce photohaemolysis in our test system. However, a few reports on photosensitivity reactions due to these substances have been published, e. William Thomas Fernie, in his book . A digital copy of the book can be read online via google books. Mark mentions this as Spikenard, a thing of great value. In Pliny's time, blossoms of the Nardus sold for a hundred Roman denarii (or L. This Lavender or Nardus was called Asarum by the Romans, because it was not used in garlands or chaplets. It was formerly believed that the asp, a dangerous kind of viper, made Lavender its habitual place of abode, so that the plant had to be approached with great caution.'^. The Bible has many mentions of a fragrant plant called . Fernie is the first known to link . Since Naarda or Neharde'a . Dr Fernie refers widely to Jewish studies, probably quoted from a former botanist Robert Turner.^Oxford English Dictionary (second ed.). Note however that Upson and Andrews refer to research on bathing in the Roman Empire, and state that there is no mention of the use of lavender in works on this subject. We and our partners operate globally and use cookies, including for analytics, personalisation, and ads.
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